Know The Hands Signal of Floor Manager / Floor Director

Floor Manager

The Floor Manager / Floor Director remains in the TV Studio during production through headphones. Are in direct communication. Bidirectional control room Director. Normally, the talent can not use the headset and does not receive instructions directly from the Director. It is the responsibility of the Floor Manager / Floor Director acts as a liaison between the Director and talent.
Since it is not practical to entrust talent orally during production, the Floor Manager / Floor Directorstands or kneels next to the camera that talent to speak and uses a system of hand signals to relay instructions of director . Although any system signal hand understandable from the floor manager and talent would work, it is recommended that you use the internationally accepted system shown in the picture.
The basic hand signals, both floor manager / Floor Director and talents must understand are listed in the following text.
1. Stand by
For a hand signal to  "stand by " floor Manager / Floor Director raises his hand and arm at the beginning of the Show or when additional subdivision.
2. Cue.
For the hand of "start talking" or "begin," the floor manager / Floor Director raises his hand and points to the talent.
3. Cut.
For the hand-signal to  "cease talking " or  "stop action, the floor manager / Floor Director pulls his hand " in his throat in a cutting motion.
4. Stretch.  
For a direct reference to  "stretch"  "it or slow down," Director floor pulling his hands together as if stretching a rubber band. The amounts are longer than the time when call manager puts his hands far apart at the end of the proposal extends; shorter time amounts when call manager puts his hands closer together.
5. Speed up.
The hand signal to "talk faster," the head of the section rotates his arm and hand clockwise in circles above his head. Speed refers to the urgency of the time.
6. OK.
For the hand signal, that "everything is in order, " the floor Manager / Floor Director is a circle with his thumb and index finger.
7. 30 seconds to go.
 The hand signal, which is 30 seconds remaining in the show segment, the floor manager / Floor Director forms the letter T in both hands.
8. 15 seconds to go
There are 15 seconds of the Show remained in the segment, and talent is doing text wraps to the hand/signal, resulting in a punch to floor Manager / Floor Director creates a movement by grabbing.
9. Speak more softly.
For hand signal to "speak more slowly" floor manager / Floor Director raises the Palm of the hand to his mouth.
10. Speak up
For a hand signal to  "speak,  ' floor Manager / Floor Director cups his hand to ear.
11. Speak or look at this camera
For the hand signal to "speak or look at this camera," floor management refers to the on-camera in his hand in the air. Waving pen motion from one camera to another, change the declarations of the talent leader is another must-air camera shot.

Floor Manager Hands Signals

Accurately and discreet when you send a signal tool. Don't spread your arms frantically in the air-this is a special MEW and mimic ability.

During the television production studio floor is usually a maze of lighting and camera cables, which may impede the movement of the camera and also be a security risk. The head of the Division must ensure that the cables are securely stored or located. In addition, he should find out from the camera operator and Director of the how much camera movement is expected.
If you cut to the talent and then cue them, you will see them waiting to begin or see action spring into life.  Cue them too early before cutting and action has begun already.  Wrong cueing leaving talent confused.  If they are finished with their piece, and you have not cut away to the next shot, they may stand there with egg on their face, so to speak, asking for ad lib or just grin!
Hand Cues or hand signals given by the Floor Manager / Floor Director by hand, are the standard method of tracking to start or stop.  Make sure that your signals can be seen by the talent and is included.  If necessary, Hand Cues basic to explain before the broadcast. Do not assume that they know what you are doing, particularly with inexperienced talent.
there are 28 signals that you have to recognize, for more pictures you can download it here.

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Edit a Package of Television News

Reporters used packages of news to tell a story. Format pieces are longer than the rest of the news. Weave the reporter voice, video, gaudy and natural sound to start the Viewer. It s an opportunity for the reporter and photographer and Publisher to be creative.

Editing tapes and cassettes
 
1. get you will edit/tape, whether to paint the tape Pack reporter  or bar work. Lay count descending.
2. wait for the reporter to save tape and audio tapes, scripts, ask him for his sound track. Too
3 Set your roll by order of the beginning to end. This means all audio, if it one SOT or nat sound or voice of the reporter trail.
4. push the audio channel 1 (A1) and video channel 1 buttons (V1). Decrease channel 2 completely. Set the audio levels so that channel 1 remains consistent.
5. set the dot on bridge records. Cue up the deck to play wherever you want. Set the in point and out point on the bridge play. Hit Edit.
6. continue to the next piece of audio and video. Continue until the entire package itself.
7. edit your b-roll now. Change the audio to two channels on the A2 to the audio. Fill in all the black hole with video

Nonlinear editing
 
1. Load the video editing system. If editing in Edius, for example, you will be eating real time.
2. get a script by the reporter. It would be logged in the video and sound bites.
3. listen to music, each sound reporter  "Take" as its own picture in a bin or drag it each time leave space between for this other video, go to edit quickly.
4. Drag the piece of the opening video from bin and drop it on the line. Trim it to the desired length. Continue with each piece of video, Butting them to each other.
5. adjust the volume. Keep low channel 2, unless it's  break natural sound.
6. Refine by adding transitions, such as package dissolves or wipes. Expand the last image in the video, padding. This keeps it from going into the black.

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Know The Duties of Television Presenter

Television presenters, also called the home team, working in a variety of formats of the show. They act as masters of ceremonies for the awards, host variety shows and game shows, interviewing guests talk show and insert content and programming. Sometimes also report the news, but are not the same as anchors or reporters , positions that require a specific training of journalism.


Education

Moderators TV need not special degree or certificate. However, people who are interested in the profits in this area of study, broadcast, television production  and radio and journalism at the college level. Competition is high for TV host workstations; formal training often gives candidates an advantage over competitors.

Skills

According to the skills required for the presenter MediaCollege.com vary, but the most important attribute is the individual. Developing compassion and trust along with being comfortable in front of the camera helps resource site for spectators. In addition, television personality/presenter has excellent verbal and written skills, pleasant voice, good diction and ability to understand the technical aspects of production.


Liabilities

Because they read the script and the main express thinking and made comfortable talking television arm of the improvisation. How does the program work during a live broadcast tasks to the "how to save and know that Air personalities need to be familiar about themselves. Topics of research and interviews tv servers meet, professional knowledge is required.

Salary

The broadcasting sector is politically subdivided into markets; It depends on the size of a marketplace at and for how many viewers it attracts. For example, is New York one of the largest broadcasting markets because it has a dense population and a high percentage of draws viewers. The larger the market, the higher the wages a TV presenter. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reported the average wage of 2009 for a television or radio announcer was $ 40,050. It may take years to find a position in a market in major media such as TV hosts tend to remain in his job and the percentage of sales is lower.

Considerations

Careers.org reports continued slow but steady decline in the availability of radio hosting job. With the slow decline in stiff competition field, education and work experience that gives aspiring speakers feature when looking for a job. Careers.org proposes to start smaller market gain experience and learn the ropes and television broadcasting, while grooming to higher positions in the areas most popular.

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Duties of a Camera Director

Camera Director is a job in television and broadcasting industry. In the United States, Director of the camera is better known as the Director of the multiple-camera. Members of the profession is a quality camera operator or the Director of organizing and directing a few pictures during live events, soap operas, news broadcasts and talk shows. Director of multi-camera must perform some tasks and fill several roles in the preparation and broadcasting of the program.

Technique

Camera Directors oversees and directs the filming with many digital cameras. The cameras will be carried out by the operators to concentrate with similar security cameras with automated processes or operate through a combination of both. Multi-Camera directors need to update ourselves constantly about new developments within the industry. You must learn about not only by new discoveries of construction behind closed doors, but should also be aware of new editing software, editing techniques and film stock or video varieties. Camera Directors is also responsible for recruiting and training new talent during operation of the camera and editing.
Creative

Multi-Camera monitor drivers live broadcasts, including large sporting events, political and Daily News programmes for the filming. They make the best decisions on-the-spot-camera live events follow the scripts. Camera directors decide to live sporting events, the event or development, instant replay can be of several aspects. They must be ready for unexpected incidents and breaks both front and rear cameras. The camera work in close cooperation with the Board of Directors, camera operators, as well as the lighting and sound engineers, decorators, newsreaders, actors Studio designs or talk-show hosts to achieve the best possible visual experience of the viewers.

Advisory

Although the directors of the camera are given some independence when the filming of a program, they should also cooperate with producers and, if he has appointed, the Director. Both the producer and the Director will have specific requirements and the requirements for the project. In the case of soap operas, producer and Director show will give the Director of the camera a shooting script and storyboard that specifies Central camera angles and contours of the shots or set. The Director of several cameras a provide advice on technical and creative possibilities and impossibilities regarding the creative vision of the producer and the Director, and to comply with their wishes to the best of its capabilities.

Training

Camera directors are usually trained in the schools of cinema and universities in studies of media with a specialization in camera operations or direct the film. This is usually followed by work experience in the television industry. Depending on skill, experience and talent, have to work from a few months to several years in the television industry to reach the position of director of the Chamber. In contrast to the filmmakers, camera operators and directors working in independent film and TV producers, directors multi-camera are regularly employed by television broadcasting companies and receive a regular paycheck.

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Tips For Using a Television Studio Cameras

Hello, Beraudiovisual's friends. Do you know, the difference between the filming of a television studio and a portable camcorder amateur is like going from a moped to a Harley Davidson. If you shoot in a studio, you're probably working on a talk show or news broadcast, so that this information applies primarily to people.

1. First understand what you do not have to. Exposure is controlled by the video engineer, who is also responsible for ensuring that the cameras are aligned so that the colors match. A good engineer must regularly match the color saturation and to ensure that the emphasis on performance is constant.

2. The cameraman in the studio, you are responsible for focusing, framing and composition. Some leaders are open to show them the proposed strike. Another rule with an iron fist, and want only what they expect. When working in a variety of animals, you know what they want.

3. Understanding third parts of the camera and what they do. You have a studio type viewfinder that displays an image in black and white. You will see the entire video image so that the design, the realization that, after

the release of most TVs will not see the edges you do, then add a margin around your ideal image. Always start with the configuration of your monitor bar. Unlike a camera in the new configuration, ENG, you have no chance to make a diopter adjustment so it is essential that if you need glasses you use them. Choose reading glasses, long distance impostors or even bifocals to ensure a clear direction.

4. Make sure the phone works both ways so you can listen to your manager and contact her. Since working in a direct cut, remember that you are hearing a lot more than you. I pulled many a show without a word to the control room. While the main off-line, had no time for anything but the most important observations of cameramen.

5. From the top you have a camera on a tripod, is to expand the handlebars like a motorcycle. On the left you will find your focus controller, manual tube connected to the cable is pushed in front of goal. When it puts the focus on change. On the right side is the zoom control, which is motorized. Tripod vary depending on configuration. Find out where the locks and drags you have. Cancel locks and make sure that the camera head is perfectly balanced from front to back. If you can not frame a shot and look to drift downwards or upwards. Set the drag so you can apply with equal force and pan and tilt.

6. As soon as you adjust the viewfinde and stand, ask the technician to take the camera away from the bars. Discover how much energy it takes a motorized zoom lens zoom control to achieve the desired speed. I do not know in which direction to push the zoom zoom in and where to go. Orientation, to learn that the direction of changing the focus from the knobs, or closer. You should know instinctively guided, so that you do not think when given the command. In practice, the wheels in motion PEDS truck or doll. Ped up and down to learn a lot about the power you need.

7. Understanding the controls. Others are implied. If they tell you to approach a person will automatically be inclined to give your site the subject's head. Do not forget to tilt down as you zoom. In a study environment that are generally designed to promote a subject, maybe two. The directors hope to keep these people adequately supervised after receiving your order. "To Peter" or "to stand" is a vertical movement of the camera pedestal. Below is the opposite. Dolly inside or outside refers to the camera roll toward or away from someone. Road transport is rolling the camera left or right. D'arc is to create a curve with his camera rolling. Zoom Zoom presses alone. A place is just the opposite. Pan is an axis from left to right in the camera head. Inclination is to turn your head up or down. Be sure to leave a gap of lead, so a person is slightly off center. If you talk about a topic more space on this side.

Advice

As mentioned above, you must have the focus back. Be sure to zoom in on your subject's eyes and then extend their framework to the end.

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Create a Simple Teleprompter

It is possible to build a teleprompter works with your home computer, some software, a cable and a monitor is similar to the teleprompters used by professional television new anchors and politicians. The notable difference is that your screen teleprompter will be next to the camera, then only a professional screen teleprompter uses the one-way glass and is actually placed in front of the camera.

Will need things You : Teleprompter software Monitor with VGA, VGA cable

1. download or purchase software teleprompter. This is a program that will scroll your text to the screen so you can read the words while you appear on camera. There are several programmes of sale, but why pay for one when you can download a free program called prompter  "Prompt! "? A link is provided in the resources section.

2. Install the software teleprompter on your computer and enter the text you want to read out your teleprompter. Write your text in a familiar tone with short sentences and active verbs. Many texts that sound when read you yourself don ' t sound so good when read you aloud.

3. find a monitor with a VGA input. This can be a computer monitor or television. Should be on the side, at least 13 inches wide. Place this just below the camera monitor. If you use a small portable camera and a large monitor, you can insert the camera monitor.

4. we have a long VGA cable, which can stretch from your computer to the monitor. If your computer is in addition to a monitor, you will need about still-foot VGA cable. Connect one end to the VGA output on your computer and the other end into the monitor. You can use your portable computer how to start the reader program and act as the monitor. It will save you the trouble of setting up your monitor and using a cable. However, the portable computer screen have tended to be small. If the words are too small for you to see, then the reader you use.

5. position yourself from a teleprompter and cameras at least 10 feet because teleprompter at langklong. You're actually looking at the camera when you're saving this if you are too close to the teleprompter is farther than it would be noticed.

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Brief History Of Television (The Birth of Television / TV))

OLD TV

Beraudiovisual's friends, in this article I'll discuss a bit about the history of television (TV). You all must have a television at home. But do you know how the early history of television itself? 

BEGAN OF BIRTHS

In 1873 a telegraph operator from Valentia, Ireland, named Joseph May found that "the light affects the electrical resistance of selenium." He realized it could be used to convert light into electrical current by using a photocell silenium (selenium photocell). Joseph May along Willoughby Smith (technician from the "Telegraph Construction Maintenance Company") do some further experiments reported in the "Journal of the Society of Telegraph Engineers". This is the beginning of the image recording technology. 

After some time, then created a small metal plate that can rotate with holes in it, by a student named Paul Julius Gottlieb Nipkow (1860-1940) or better known as Paul Nipkow in Berlin, Germany, in 1884 and referred to as the forerunner to the birth of television. Around 1920 John Logie Baird (1888-1946) and Charles Francis Jenkins (1867-1934) used the work of Paul Nipkow disc to create a system of image capture, transmission, and reception. They make the entire television system is based on the mechanical motion systems, both in broadcasting and reception. At that time undiscovered electrical components vacuum tube (Cathode Ray Tube) 

In those days, the development of electronic television experience obstacles in its development. This is because television is more expensive mechanical and resilient. Other obstacles are very difficult to obtain financial support for research on electronic TV when the TV mechanic considered able to work very well at that time. No registration until Vladimir Zworykin (1889-1982) and Philo T. Farnsworth (1906-1971) managed by the electronic TV. With low cost and the results went well, then people at the time it gradually began to leave the TV mechanics and replace them with electronic TV. 

Vladimir Zworykin, who was one of several experts in those days, had help from David Sarnoff (1891-1971), Senior Vice President of RCA (Radio Corporation of America). Sarnoff has been a lot of very concerned about the development of mechanical television, and electronic TV would have predicted the future a better commercial. Moreover, Philo Farnsworth also managed to get sponsors to support the idea and took to compete with Vladimir. 

Television History's Video

TV ELECTRONIC

Both Farnsworth and Zworykin, working separately, and both succeeded in making progress for a TV commercial with a very affordable cost. In 1935, they began to broadcast using a fully electronic system. Their main competitors are the Baird Television, which was first broadcast since 1928, using entirely mechanical system. At that very few people have televisions, and they have generally modest quality. In those days the TV screen size is only about three to eight inches just so mechanical and electronic competition is not so obvious, but the competition was there. 

RCA TV, TT5 Type 1939, RCA and Zworykin ready for a regular TV program, and they demonstrate on a large scale at the World Fair in New York. Enthusiastic people who are so greatly to this electronic system, causing "the National Television Standards Committee" [NTSC], 1941, decided it was time to standardize the transmission of television broadcast system in America. Five months later, all American television stations, amounting to 22 item, already convert the system into the new electronic standard. 

In the first years, while world economic recession, the price of a television set is very expensive. When prices began to fall, the American second world war. After the war, television included in the golden era. Unfortunately in those days all people can only see it in black and white format. 

COLOR TV

Vintage RCA 621TS Television 1946 CRT

CBS actually had more first build color system a few years before his rival RCA. But their systems are not compatible with most black and white TV in the entire country. CBS has spent a lot of cost for the color they should be aware of the fact that their job ends in vain. Learning from the experience of CBS, RCA began to build a color system according to its own format. They quickly create a color system that is able to be accepted in black and white or color systems. After the RCA demonstrated the ability of their systems, the NTSC format and then used as a reference standard for commercial broadcasting in 1953. 

As time goes by and the development of technology, television from time to time start a lot of improvements and additions in terms of technology. For television the next time slowly began to leave the analog technology and stepped into an era that is called digital television with the ability and better quality than the previous generation of technology commonly known as IPTV [Internet Protocol Television]. 

That is a brief history of television. Hopefully Beraudiovisual's friends got a lot of knowledge after reading it.

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Canon XF300 and XF305: Professional Camcorder for Professional Production.

Hello beraudiovisual's friends. It is not hot news, but it is important! Canon introduces two new professional camcorder, XF 300 XF 305 is a gift. Two of the latest innovations based camcorder professional video and film production for the article will be hired. Newcomers to the rank of this camcorder compact flash card (CF) can be written directly to the roll-out is a professional camcorder.

Combining video, audio and metadata into a single file, Canon 305 XF 300 and XF using MXF (Material Exchange Format), which is an open format. This format is useful to maximize compatibility with existing video non-linear editing system. Video recording format MPEG-2 Codec Canon also produces high-quality digital video with bit rates up to 50 Mbps. Specifically for Canon XF 305 is also equipped with features Genlock output terminal, Time Code and HD / SD-SDI terminal, which serves to produce a variety of video cameras and 3D films.

Canon Camcorder 305 XF 300 and XF uses MPEG-2 Full HD (4:02:02) file-based recording codec to produce a professional video with crisp detail at a resolution of 1920 x 1080p (Full HD). With three Canon original CMOS sensor ditanamkannya, both camcorders are claimed to produce digital video with natural color gradation.

Canon Camcorder XF 305 XF 300 and lens 4.1 mm - 73.8 mm lens equivalent to 29.3 mm - 527.4 mm in 35mm format camera. This lens has a 18x zoom ratio so that comes with Manual Focus mode can be set easily by the user. Canon also uses IP-UD Lens (Dispersion-High Index, Ultra Low) and aspherical which serves to reduce noise to provide a sharp color and compact size. Lens also is integrated with new forms SuperRange Optical Image Stabilizer system (OIS) feature Powered Dynamic mode and increase the performance of the sensor to produce a focus more quickly.

Canon-performance XF 305 XF 300 and feel much stronger because it comes with swappable dual card slots and UDMA CF card which allows file transfer to PC / laptop with you. To support the use of XF Codec Canon, Canon worked with major software developers like Adobe, Apple, fans and Grass Valley. This is to ensure unity between the camcorder with the software programs which are often used in film production, video production and broadcasting industry.

Canon XF300 and XF305

Canon XF 300

Canon XF 305

Another special two Digic III processor, professional camcorders use the DV required to capture the natural colors accurately. Innovative strength DIGIC DV III processor Face Detection technology, features, where users can specify the primary interface in the video group and automatically focus on the main page, even if the subject is moving.

Both camcorders are also designed for maximum comfort and flexibility. Design Canon 305 XF 300 and XF allows users to take video images without holding strong in the arm fatigue. Both are also equipped with LCD 4-inch 1.23 million dot resolution monitor that can rotate and can be placed anywhere, either right or left side of the body to further facilitate the camcorder also see the video taken of the position to make a video most difficult.
Visual Advantage XF 305 XF Canon camcorders. 300 and sound perfected by the flexibility offered. Features built in microphone and two XLR inputs it has external audio sources that can catch, so the resulting sound quality is clear and sharp sound. Canon XF XF 300 and 305 also supports 16-bit PCM audio at 48 kHz with a level of audio adjustments automatically and manually.
LCD monitors are both brand new camcorder also provides a display Built-in Memory waveform and Vectorscope to help achieve the level of exposure and color accuracy when shooting video. Not only that, the LCD monitor can also show the focus and zoom the image, allowing the user to confirm the object in HD format. Equipped with an electronic viewfinder 1.55-megapixel camera, professional video camera provides the highest resolution in its class for critical focus and 100 percent coverage in appearance.

Present through PT Datascrip as sole Canon products distributor in, Canon XF 300 priced at IDR 79.65 million. While Canon 305 XF marketed at a price of IDR 90.81 million.

Are you ready to be a Pro?

              

How beraudiovisual's friends? interested to use it?

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Parts of The DSLR Camera.

Hello beraudiovisual's friends. This time I will discuss in simple terms and the parts contained DSLR camera. DSLR cameras are digital single lens reflex, meaning is a camera with a digital system (using the processor, chip, memory, and technological sophistication in capturing the image) that uses one lens mounted on the camera body. Reflex mirror inside the camera will go up when you press the shutter button and when the image sensors inside cameras will record an image. It may also said to the camera with the operating system such as komputer. There are parts of DSLR cameras.
1. Eyepiece (base currency) = holder for our eyes while looking into the viewfinder.
2. Viewfinder (viewfinder) = viewfinder using the method pentaprisma (pentagon shape) which is placed above the optical path through the lens to the image sensor plate. incoming light then reflected upward by a mirror (mirror reflection) and the pentaprisma. pentaprisma then reflects light several times through the viewfinder (viewfinder). When the shutter button is released, the glass opens the way for the light so that light can directly on the image sensor.
3. Image sensor (sensor image capture) = a sensor that is used to process and capture an image contained in a camera. size there are a variety of sensors, ie APS-C sized 15x23mm, 19x29mm APS-H size, and FULL-FRAME 24x36mm (with large size movie).
4. Flash (light like blits) = flash is usually used to help us in taking photographs in the dark.
5. Hotshoe (flash external holder) = a holder for an external flash that is usually located in the middle of the camera body. 6. Lens (lens) = a lens mount that is embedded in the camera body (lens body can be removed and replaced dr) that serves to focus the light to be able to captured by the image sensor. on the outside of the lens there is usually a three-ring, which ring the focal length (for variable type lenses), aperture ring and focus ring. there are 5 characters that lens, wide (wide), macros (enlarge), telephoto (zoom), tilt & shift and fish eye. and there are 2 types of lens fix (can not be changed, such as 50mm) and zoom (there rangenya like, 17-85mm). lenses also have a feature is (image stabilizer) to dampen vibration of the hand and USM (ultrasonic motor) to accelerate the search and silent focusing. * Code type is usm canon DLSR cameras. these features in any other DSLR camera lenses also exist, but the code name of the other but with the same function.
7. Lenshood = an addition on the lens to reduce excess light, the impact of flares and a protective front surface of the lens, and also as an addition to the display lens to look more frightening. * Remember: the use of hood that does not correspond to the series lenses will cause vignetting (vignetting = black spots on the sides of the tip of the image).
8. LCD monitor (LCD display) = to view images and monitor the results of modes that we use to take pictures.
9. Focal point = if you look into the viewfinder, then you'll see a tiny dots scattered (the number of points depending on the type and model of camera) where the focal point for helping you find focus images would be taken.
The sections above are the standard DSLR camera. Of course, each part can be utilized, so let's take the picture.

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Rehearsal on TV Studio

Hello beraudiovisual's friends, now let us talk about TV Studio. A television production studio is in the production of highly complex, involving a lot of the production crew, equiment, and procedures that must be passed. In order for a production can run smoothly, then the rehearsal is the key. 

And the rehearsal is one step and prosdur production itself. The text below will take you, especially how the rehearsal for the television production studio. 

Rehearsal is the first stage of the pre-production when the process is completed. Rehearsal conducted by a team of production completely. Rehearsal with possible errors when shooting took place diminimalisair could not have expected even a few kesalahanpun later. Things that need to be in the rehearsal are: 

Timing 

Briefing Performers 

Props 

Shot Arrangement 

Audio & Lighting 

Unrehearsed / Rehearsed Studio Production 

Timing 

Television production will be the timing / time, estimated time can be predicted accurately as possible. Guide is a rundown of time that was made at the time of pre-production. In the live format, the time must surely be minute by minute and scond by scond. 

Briefing Performers 

One of the elements not a good television is how the event can make a total of scenes and dialogue in accordance script. So that such things can be achieved on all required briefing players / the event. Briefing done as much detail as possible. For example some cases even briefing not only on the content of course, because sometimes technical issue also needs to be known by the players. 

Props 

Property as part of the artistic administration must be prepared at the time of rehearsal. However, for this purpose can only use a dummy.

Shot Arrangement 

The shot could have been done at the time of rehearsal, always check the area in accordance with the shot that has been planned. With the shot can also see if the regulation is in conformity with artistic expected. Will also be related to the regulation lighting. 

Audio & Lighting 

As part of the production of audio-visual, audio and lighting must be a good attention. Always check if the audio is running correctly, because there are at least two problems that must be audio. First, the audio is in the studio area (for example the music). Second, the audio output will be used as an event. 

Procedure rehearsal 

In various types of television has almost the same during the rehearsal. There are no rules about how many times this activity is done, a great event for rehearsal sometimes done in a partial. At its core dilkakukan rehearsal to help make the process of shooting will be running smoothly. Done in a rehearsal last run Trough, according to the rundown made. There are three types of procedures done by the rehearsal penagarah events: 

Camera Blocking 

Here the director / referrer to control events from a control room. In the control room monitor is available from all the camera and monitor, and the preview program, with events such referrer can control how the camera full-placed camera. In this case the referrer will only be "down" to the field / studio if there is a case that it is very important for direct discussion with the crew. 

Floor Blocking 

Kebalikkannya Camera Blocking the method, this method of control over events referrer monitor in the studio. Thus, he could manage and direct the players to the event referrer control room during the taping. 

Problems in the rehearsal 

During the rehearsal will be many problems, even with such a mistake can be corrected as early as possible. The problem is anatara others: 

Shot 

If you do not get a shot of detail, so the friction is the subject or move the camera position or zoom in to perform. Similarly, if the set is not quite fit the position, can be set digeser to dishoot with good composition. 

Players 

If the players out of position in framming the things you can do is to give "marking" on the floor. And provide direction so that the events / players not to come out of the marking was made. Sometimes the wrong direction of the camera, this can be addressed with the request for the floor manager gave the cue to be facing the camera as desired. If many errors occur in the dialogue, use cue cards, prompter, and other tools. If there is another mistake? Yes, of course, do retake. But this method only applies to the taping, not directly to the event. 

Set Design 

Design and property must be considered carefully. Sometimes property is not too obvious or even light memmantulkan excessive. To overcome this in order to set up lighting, memcarai the other corner, color back property, or property with the hose with dulling spray. Another problem in the property is the color and tone that are less good, this can also be addressed with regulation lighting or modify the background.

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Television and Video programs

Hello beraudiovisual's friends. Production of a television and video programs are always starting from the idea or ideas, which then poured into a script or a script. The script is a foundation that is needed to make a video and television programs of any kind. Writing a script television and video programs that are based on an idea usually have a specific purpose, namely: 

• Providing information (to inform) 

• Providing inspiration (to inspire) 

• entertaining (to entertain) 

• propaganda 

This paper will discuss about how to write a script that includes television program the steps to be implemented, the form of a script, the format of the program and how to script writing. Before you learn more about the video script writing program, you first need to know the function of the script. 

FUNCTION OF SCRIPT

A script has a central role in the production of a video and television programs. Script function in the Production of television and video programs are as follows: 

• The concept of base (basic concept) 

• Direction (direction) 

• Preferences (reference) 

A script is a basic idea that is required in a video production program. The quality of a script is determining the end of a program. A script in general, contains a description or a description of the message or information that was delivered as the story flows, the main character figures, dramatization, role / extras, settings, and property or anything relating to the making of a video and television programs. 

A script in general used as a document that can lead director and work colleagues (crew) work completed in the video production program. Script a video program contains some information about the scenes involving actors, settings and property. Director and work colleagues need to comply with the content and flow of the story in a script 

A script can be used as reference by directors and relatives working to realize an idea or an idea into a video that communicative. All efforts in the creative director of production and work colleagues should refer to a script. 

Step by step of script writing 

Step writing a video program usually consists of a series of activities including: 

• Formulating ideas 

• Research 

• The outline 

• Writing synopsis 

• The treatment 

• Writing the script 

• Reviu script 

• finalization script 

The idea that a story will be made into television and video programs can be taken from the real story (true story) or non-fiction and fiction, or fiction. Many of the ideas can be inspired to write a script and video television. For example, the novel, the story real, and others. JFK is an example of movie film that was unearthed from one of murder of the youngest presidents in the United States. Oliver Stone, director at the same time the author uses many sources of information to make the film so that it can be bertutur objective. 

Research is needed after you have found an idea that will be made into a program. Research in this context is an effort to study and collect information related to the script will be written. Sources of information can be a book, newspaper or other publication and the person or persons who can give accurate information about the content or substance of which will be written. 

After the results of research or information collected, you can create a framework or outline of the information that you will pour into a script. Outline the general outline contains information that you will write a script. 

The next step is to make a brief synopsis or description of the program that you want to write. Synopsis and outline will help you focus on the development of ideas that you selected earlier. Synopsis of writing should be clear so that it can provide a description of the content of programs or video televis we will make. 

Must write a script based on a plan that has been created which includes the outline, synopsis and treatment. An author must have the creativity in developing a treatment to a script. Treatment that is well written with a strong foundation necessary to write a script. A treatment must include a clear description of the location, time, actors, scenes and property that will be recorded in a video program. Treatment also describes the sequence of sistematika or video or television program that will be produced. 

Writing a script is based on the treatment must be made. While in the author can write a script to make changes, but the changes should be done is not a substantive change. Changes should be creative and do not change the substance of the program. Therefore, the treatment must be firmly and clearly. In the author should consider writing a rule-rule script writing the truth. 

A draft manuscript that has been written should be completed to see the truth substansinya and also how the delivery of the message. Draft manuscript must be by people who understand the substance of the content of the program (content expert) and media experts (media specialist). 

Finalization of the script is a step before the end of the manuscript submitted to the producer and director for production. Script is the result of the final revision of the inputs provided by the expert content and media experts. 

INVESTMENT PROGRAM 

The form of the program can be defined as an approach that is used to convey information or content of the program to the audience (audience). The form of program that is used to show videos and television programs are very diverse, namely: 

• Drama 

• Documentary 

• Talk show 

• Demo 

• musical 

• Quiz 

• Features 

Drama 

The essence of a program of video and television called drama is the conflict of people - people involved (actors) in it. The program usually begins forming drama introduce the character of people - people involved in it, which was then followed by the conflict that was built in the dramatic actors are involved. Conflict is usually completed at the end of the story. The settlement of the conflict at the end of the story can be a happy ending, or vice versa. 

Documentary 

Is a documentary that tells about an event that was held previously. Example dokudrama film that we know is betrayal G-30s PKI been by a director Arifin C. Noer, Pearl Harbor and the works of Jerry Bruckheimer JFK. Directed and written by Oliver Stone. Film is an example - an example of the film is packed with the documentary form. 

Talk Show 

The program is a talk show program that shows the speaker, usually more than one person, to discuss a particular theme or topic. Program with the format of talk shows are usually guided by a moderator. Talk show program in order to be able to attract the audience that the speaker is involved in the program must have a different background, pro and contra, on the topics discussed. 

Demo 

An example program is a form of demonstration cooking or cooking tips to make cakes and automotive. The program is usually a demonstration or a prescription dipraktekan the procedural - step-by-step. Through the form of a demo program, viewers can learn and apply the skills (skills). 

Musical 

The program is a musical program that displays the music and dance as entertainment. Of course, you often see a musical program running in the television station. Many packaged programs that are used by television producers to show musical program. MTV programs such as the clip-show video clips of the popular music for young audiences. 

Quiz 

Other forms of the quiz program. At this time we can see a lot of TV programs in the quiz. The program usually contains shaped quiz challenge involving participants or even the audience to challenge it. Participants who successfully the challenges will get reward (prize) as a reward. Sample quiz program shaped a very known in the Berpacu melody that requires a candidate or participants to guess the title or creator of a song based on a fragment of a tone is played. Now this interactive quiz that many opportunities audience directly involved with the program running. 

Features 

Features a program that includes segments that are in the form of a presentation varies. A program shaped features usually discuss a topic of interest by using some form of presentation or the program. 

INVESTMENT SCRIPT

The form of a script can be classified based on the completeness of the information found therein, namely: 

• Framework script (script Rundown) 

• Semi script (Semi script) 

• Full Text (Full script) 

Rundown script is a script that contains only trace (outline) of the information will be communicated to the audience. A rundown on the script usually requires improvisation from the presenter or expert (expert), which will appear in the program. Semi script is the script that is more detailed rundown of the script. While the full script is the script that contains a complete and detailed information about the program yamg will be produced. In a full script that there is detailed information about actors, scenes. Setting and property. 

References 

Swain, D.V. and Swain, J.R. (1988). Film Scriptwriting: A Practical Manual. Boston: focal Press. 

Brady, J. (1981) The Craft of the Screenwriter. New York: Simon & Schuster. 

Blum, R.A. (1984). Television Writing from Concept to Contract. London: focal Press

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SHOOTING PREPARATION

Hello beraudiovisual's friends. Brainstorming same author is a script, find the players have been through the casting, then the preparation must be done especially with a director? 

Discussions with crew 

Yes, discussions with the other crew is not less important. One is a discussion with Art Artistic Director alias Playground. Some directors like to make sketches and happy, this is a material that can be discussed with an artistic Playground, although the sketches can still be shaped elemeter only. An artistic Playground will provide input and ideas set to be built. While the idea of governance artitistik be a director or art director himself. Producers are usually also involved, because the administration will deal with the artistic problems budgeting. 

Director also discussed with the Organized camera or DOP (Director of Photography). Composition, angle, camera movement, are discussed in detail. Some camera director sometimes operate their own, such Director Dimas Jay and Rudy Soedjarwo in several films. 

Shooting Schedule 

Scheduling shooting after director to breakdown the script, in this case the director is usually assisted by the Assistant director. When the assistant director to make lay out shooting schedule, one thing which the attention is the page that has been given a script page numbering, where the director can make the image / shooting. 

Location selection 

Elections location shooting is important. Some movies are made with the actual location, as described in the script. However, in fact sometimes location shooting "should be adjusted" with a budget that had been budgeted producers. Because of several factors, the location shooting the film "Ayat-Ayat Cinta", which should be conducted in Egypt, were forced to move to India and several locations in Indonesia. In Hollywood on business there, the location shooting is not seribet in Indonesia, because they have a studio that is also fully in India. For example, for setting the supermarket they live studio bersetting supermarkets. Now I in Indonesia? we do not have a studio like it there. For shooting with the settings in the supermarket before we use a real supermarket. Yes, of course, this certainly requires special handling.

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Multicamera Shooting Format

Hello beraudiovisual's friends. If a production is divided based on the camera used, then there are two types, the first television production using a camera or singlecam system, if the second production using more than one camera, multicam system. There are many differences between the two systems, both in the equipment used and the process works. If a television production can be made with the system singlecam, why should there multicam? 

Multicamera shooting format is using more than one camera, linked through a system that is integrated. So, if using more than one camera when not integrated with one another then the format has yet to be classified as multicam system. Sedangnkan terms of delivery can be broadcast directly (live) or pause live (live on tape). The type of television that multicamera use of them: talkshows, sitkom, game shows, music shows, quizzes, magazine, variety show. 

Unlike the system singlecam, equipment used in multicam far more complex, much of the equipment used. At least under this equipment is used in the shooting with multikamera system. 

* Cameras 

* CCU / Camera Control Unit 

* Vision Mixer / Switcher 

* Monitor 

* Video Tape Recoder 

* Character Generator 

* Waveform 

* Talkback 

* Teleprompter 

* Audio Mixer 

* Audio Set / (Clip On, Boom Mic, etc.) 

All equipment on the divided into two places, ie, in or in the studio and on the Master Control Room / MCR. 

Cameras 

In general there are three types of cameras used for television production, that is, the camera ENG or Electonic News Gathering. ENG camera appropriate name usually used for coverage in the field or outdoor. The second is the type of camera or EFP Electronic Field Production, which is a type of camera dipeuntukan production for both indoor and outdoor. And the third is a studio camera, which is the type of camera that is designed for the studio that is usually used with the indoor location. 

Then the camera which is used in multicam system? In fact almost all of the camera can be used in the production sitem multikamera. However, the most commonly used, of course, is a studio camera or at least the camera EFP. Due to the two types of camera, especially on the studio camera features that can be fully integrated with one another. 

CCU / Camera Control Unit 

This is a tool that can control some functions of the camera. Which can be controlled or replaced its function through this tool are the lighting (brightness contrast), color temperature (color temperature), speed (SHUTTER speed), white balance, color and hue (red, green, blue). Number of CCU used exactly the same number of cameras used for each camera is controlled by the CCU. 

Vision Mixer 

One tool to manage the complete selection of images with different types of transitions. Many types of vision mixer, from the most simple, which only has three sources with a single source input ouput up with the most complete source of tens of input and output. The tool is shaped keyboard with many buttons with their respective functions. 

Monitor 

Work to see the visual display produced from the camera. A large monitor that is used, of course, depends on how the camera used. There are a variety of sources monitor the camera, preview monitor, and monitor the end results. 

VTR / Video Tape Recorder 

VTR / Video Tape Recorder or also called VCR / Video Cassette Recorder is used to record the results of shooting. There are two types of VTR used the VTR is used to record and VTR is used to show the source / video play back that have been made previously, also known as VT. 

Character Generator 

Also called the CG or Chargen, is to create and display the title, sub title. And the required graphic impression in television production. There is a keyboard-shaped dihugungkan directly to the vision mixer, there is also a unit beerbentuk stand-alone computer that can be linked to the vision mixer. 

Waveform 

This tool is used to measure the quality of the video produced by each of the camera and VT. Can also be used for audio. Waveform graphic display of a parameter or the reference that can be used whether the quality of video and audio expectations are appropriate or not. 

Talkback 

For means of communication between the crew involved in the production of a television multikamera with the necessary means of communication. This vital tool called talkback. Unlike the camera ENG, EFP in camera and camera studio, talkback be integrated directly on the camera. Talkback consists of the microphone and headset. 

Teleprompter 

Not all production multikamera need this tool, it depends on the type of events produced. This is a tool for the anchor of the event or to convey information. One set of equipment consists of a monitor that is integrated in the camera and a computer unit in the MCR. 

Audio Mixer 

The voice is done using audio mixer, which not only set a high volume of low sound produced but includes various audio overall. 

This is how Peralatan Integrated? 

As described above that one of the terms of a production dikatan using multicamera system, when each tool is integrated with one another. The simple skematik are as follows: The camera is connected to the CCU, CCU's entry to the source input Vision Mixer, Mixer's Vision issued through VTR

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