Brief History Of Television (The Birth of Television / TV))

OLD TV

Beraudiovisual's friends, in this article I'll discuss a bit about the history of television (TV). You all must have a television at home. But do you know how the early history of television itself? 

BEGAN OF BIRTHS

In 1873 a telegraph operator from Valentia, Ireland, named Joseph May found that "the light affects the electrical resistance of selenium." He realized it could be used to convert light into electrical current by using a photocell silenium (selenium photocell). Joseph May along Willoughby Smith (technician from the "Telegraph Construction Maintenance Company") do some further experiments reported in the "Journal of the Society of Telegraph Engineers". This is the beginning of the image recording technology. 

After some time, then created a small metal plate that can rotate with holes in it, by a student named Paul Julius Gottlieb Nipkow (1860-1940) or better known as Paul Nipkow in Berlin, Germany, in 1884 and referred to as the forerunner to the birth of television. Around 1920 John Logie Baird (1888-1946) and Charles Francis Jenkins (1867-1934) used the work of Paul Nipkow disc to create a system of image capture, transmission, and reception. They make the entire television system is based on the mechanical motion systems, both in broadcasting and reception. At that time undiscovered electrical components vacuum tube (Cathode Ray Tube) 

In those days, the development of electronic television experience obstacles in its development. This is because television is more expensive mechanical and resilient. Other obstacles are very difficult to obtain financial support for research on electronic TV when the TV mechanic considered able to work very well at that time. No registration until Vladimir Zworykin (1889-1982) and Philo T. Farnsworth (1906-1971) managed by the electronic TV. With low cost and the results went well, then people at the time it gradually began to leave the TV mechanics and replace them with electronic TV. 

Vladimir Zworykin, who was one of several experts in those days, had help from David Sarnoff (1891-1971), Senior Vice President of RCA (Radio Corporation of America). Sarnoff has been a lot of very concerned about the development of mechanical television, and electronic TV would have predicted the future a better commercial. Moreover, Philo Farnsworth also managed to get sponsors to support the idea and took to compete with Vladimir. 

Television History's Video

TV ELECTRONIC

Both Farnsworth and Zworykin, working separately, and both succeeded in making progress for a TV commercial with a very affordable cost. In 1935, they began to broadcast using a fully electronic system. Their main competitors are the Baird Television, which was first broadcast since 1928, using entirely mechanical system. At that very few people have televisions, and they have generally modest quality. In those days the TV screen size is only about three to eight inches just so mechanical and electronic competition is not so obvious, but the competition was there. 

RCA TV, TT5 Type 1939, RCA and Zworykin ready for a regular TV program, and they demonstrate on a large scale at the World Fair in New York. Enthusiastic people who are so greatly to this electronic system, causing "the National Television Standards Committee" [NTSC], 1941, decided it was time to standardize the transmission of television broadcast system in America. Five months later, all American television stations, amounting to 22 item, already convert the system into the new electronic standard. 

In the first years, while world economic recession, the price of a television set is very expensive. When prices began to fall, the American second world war. After the war, television included in the golden era. Unfortunately in those days all people can only see it in black and white format. 

COLOR TV

Vintage RCA 621TS Television 1946 CRT

CBS actually had more first build color system a few years before his rival RCA. But their systems are not compatible with most black and white TV in the entire country. CBS has spent a lot of cost for the color they should be aware of the fact that their job ends in vain. Learning from the experience of CBS, RCA began to build a color system according to its own format. They quickly create a color system that is able to be accepted in black and white or color systems. After the RCA demonstrated the ability of their systems, the NTSC format and then used as a reference standard for commercial broadcasting in 1953. 

As time goes by and the development of technology, television from time to time start a lot of improvements and additions in terms of technology. For television the next time slowly began to leave the analog technology and stepped into an era that is called digital television with the ability and better quality than the previous generation of technology commonly known as IPTV [Internet Protocol Television]. 

That is a brief history of television. Hopefully Beraudiovisual's friends got a lot of knowledge after reading it.

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History of Indonesian Film

Hello beraudiovisual's friends. 'Indonesia' era talkies made 'in country' since 1931, through the film Atma De Vischer. Of course talk is more interesting than the silent film because it is easy to understand. A mixture of Malay language. Its theme was more varied as flowers from Tjikembang Roos, Indonesia Malaise, Sampek Eng Tay, Si Pitoeng, Raonah, Siloeman Pigs mating with Siloeman Monjet, Oeler Siloeman son, son Demon Tikoes, Lima Siloeman Tikoes and others. Nation stealth and legends of martial arts which inserts turned out to encourage natives to re-master the martial arts heritage, so perhaps at some time is needed to fight for independence. Film producer Tionghowa descent, among others, Wong Brothers, Koen Yauw Tan, The Teng Chun.

In 1937 there are only two films produced by the Java Industrial leaders under the title The Girl Chun Teng Jang Terdjoeal directed by Nelson Wong, tells the story of love and Oey Nio Han Peng Koen. Artists and actors mostly descendants Tionghwa. There are also films Boelan Light (Het Eilan Der Droomen) Anif production directed by Albert Balink Roekiah star and the then legendary Mochtar Rd.
In 1940, the product is very popular dramas such as population Bajar With Spirit, Dasima, Treasure Bloody, Kartinah. Ketawa guise, Kris Mataram, Matjan Whispering, Jasmine van Agam, Ka Toedjoeh Heaven, Heaven Palsoe,, Zoebaida. Flying is the name Roekiah, Mochtar Rd, Rd Djoemala, S Waldy and other indigenous people who became an idol.
In 1940 appeared Film Ordinance No. 507 on the Amendment and Completion of the Film Commission Film Commission Membership and Structure. Ordinance increasing and changing shows that the Netherlands is very concerned about setting the film in order to maintain 'security' colony.
Mother's Tears film produced in 1941, which carved a big name Fifi Young. Greater variety of film genres are drama, crime, fiction, action, comedy and more. This is reflected in the film Tears IBOE, Jantoeng Heart, Eagle Land, Garoeda Mas, Fish Doejoeng, Koeda Sembrani, Land Leeches, Moestika of Jenar, Mega Mendoeng, Noesa Penida, Pah Wongso Suspect, Wolf Item, Tjioeng Vanara, Skull Hidoep etc.. There are at least 32 films produced that year. This is an achievement. Unfortunately in 1942 there was only 3 production. Understandably the world are experiencing difficult times due to World War II raged. Japan's entry into Indonesia with older brother who calls himself false promises will help Indonesia win independence. Apparently out of the Dutch East Indies colony is replaced by the same Japanese cruelty. Japan entered Indonesia in 1942. Initially we 'kesengsem' with new jargon that is Big Brother and the Greater East Asia. However in 1942 there is still a movie production include Boenga Sembodja, Seriboe Satoe, struggle. World War worsened and the film production is also reduced, but nonetheless in 1943 the Nippon Eiga Sha to produce a Japanese propaganda film about heiho. There are still two more films being produced is in the Village and The Tower. Towards the fall of Japan in 1944, there surprisingly is produced six films, among others, fell rafting, Waves, Hoedjan, Kris Poesaka, Ke Seberang, and a film titled Koeli and Romoesha, which is the Japanese propaganda that the fate romoesha better and respectable than the coolies in the Dutch colonial era. During the Japanese occupation there is famine because the Japanese foreign films banned foreign films go, worry will affect the people of Indonesia.
Japanese Military Government Film De Commissie be changed Kainen Odohan Nippon Bunka Sidhoso Sodosho or Cultural Center and the Japanese Military Government Propaganda (Sedenbu) in Indonesia This means that the film is more focused on the Greater East Asian propaganda and Big Brother. Towards the fall of Japan (1944) there are still producers who dare to produce films, among others, production Persafi funded by Nippon Eiga Sha said the director Rustam St. Palindih and a Japanese official who uses the name of Indonesia. Another wave Persafi production, Hoedjan, Kris Poesaka, Go Overseas. In those days there and Romoesha Koeli film - about the fate of glasses Romoesha Japan. Romoesha considered much more glorious future than the koeli pnjajahan Japan in the Dutch colonial era Japan. Frankly good so and so romusha same koeli suffering. After 1944, the status of film production experience fainting. Japan surrendered to the Allies and the independence of Indonesia was proclaimed on August 17, 1945. Win the war of independence affects the production of films which have joined the 'struggle' or deserted.
Since 1946 the Government of Indonesia put the Film Censorship Board is in the Department of National Defence and responsible to the Minister of Information. What is implied than explicit in this decision? The importance of cinema in the struggle that is able to enlighten and inflame the spirit of the people who are struggling. The film is an appropriate means of struggle for the Nation Soul of Smuggle.
After production of the film asleep - because of all the potential people spilled in fighting for independence, in 1948 the new world of film stretched again with 3 film is in Tjitaroem Flowing Tears (Tan & Wong Bros.) Orchid Boelan (South Pacific Film) and Djaoeh In the Eye (South Pacific film). In 1949 the life of passionate film again with 8 movies.
History of cinema began to crawl again in 1950. Independent spirit began to infiltrate in the creation stories, including the independent creativity. There are surprises in the world of Indonesian cinema in the film Between Earth and Sky - produced by Stichting Entertainment Mataram and PFN, directed by Dr. precariously genuinely named Hinatsu Eitaro, which was once the head of Java Engeki Kyokai-a play that famous at that time. The scenario is handled by the famous author Armijn Pane so that vibration literary feel. But the furor occurred because for the first time in the history of Indonesian film for daring to show the kissing scene between the star Bono's famous smooch with Grace. Protespun wave formations.
The 54-year period 'Between Earth and Sky', a wave of protest was repeated again in 2004 with game film Kiss I, the production of Multivision Plus leader Ram Punjabi with 'courage' kiss between Masayu Anatasia with Henky Y Kurniawan. I was so excited, the famous preacher Aa. Gym or KH Abdullah Gymnastiar, Professor Dr. Din Syamsudin that time was the Secretary General of the MUI and the princes of the five religions come to the office of LSF, because it gives Passed Sensor Letters. Also the mothers of various organizations protested, including the former Inneke Kusherawati bold and hot scenes featuring several other artists. Film Censorship became the target of protest. Finally, by the producer - in order to maintain unity and unity, pulling the film from peredara accordance with the decision of the Minister of Culture and Tourism, who was then occupied by Mr I Gde Ardika pulled from circulation in order to be revised and LSF then cancel the letter was also revised Sensor.Film Passed and then circulated back with a new title that is one kiss. If anyone protested, of course there is defended, among others Supporting freedom of expression because freedom berexpresi feel lost.
Encouraging in 1950 there were 24 national film production. It shows the spirit of building a movie, incredible. At that time the Government of the Republic of Indonesia put the Film Censorship Board in the Ministry of Education, Teaching and Culture (KDP). This shows that the 'emphasis' development of the film on the culture and education. Film is a medium that is considered capable of affecting the nation's culture, both positive and negative sides. The film is also a means of education for the children of the nation. At that time the arch-rivals Indonesia film is a film from India, Malaysia and the Philippines who master-class cinemas 'bottom' where people could watch, while the middle and upper-class cinema films dominated the American, European, and Chinese! Rival imported films makes the development of Indonesian films gasping for air. To overcome that residents will love the film production in the country held the Indonesian Film Festival, but not yet in a form such as FFI today. Nevertheless Film Festival to be an effort to increase the appreciation of film by the nation itself, so that might be able to compete. At least the film by our own people liked the people themselves.
Film imports came crashing like a flood, particularly from America. Formed the Association of Motion Picture of America in Indonesia (AMPAI). Foreign films were loved, like a king in the realm of Indonesian cinema, and even determine the taste. Film Indonesia are still weak even more difficult to develop. Fortunately there was a figure Usmar Ismail, who succeeded in making the film Blood and Prayer or the Long March which tells the journey as a long march the warriors of the West Java Yogyakarta. Shooting first performed in Purwakarta, on March 30, 1950. Historic date was later ordained into the National Film Day. . In that year there are 23 films being produced. It should be noted that the film Blood and Prayer've had cuts by the Film Censorship Board, but still outstanding menunai after protests from various areas, among others, from the Armed Forces as it is associated with the DI / TII in West Java.
Exciting period came when in 1951, where production of the film reaches the peak of development. In addition to the Golden Arrow, there Persari, Star Soerabaya, PFN, Stars, Thung Nam Film, Perfini and others .. 64 films produced that year. New stars emerge and the public loved. There is a film Six Hours In Yogyakarta, Budi Utama, Flowers Nation, Almost Night in Yogyakarta, Girls Sports, Fooling around So For real, Heroes, The Lame, shackled and much more. Increased producer also means increased production and arts fields as well as more varied themes. Until now the number has not been unchallenged.
In 1955 exactly 30 March to 5 April before the first election - held the Indonesian Film Festival for the first time. Chairman of the FFI is Djamaluddin Malik and his deputy RM Sutarto. This is a good combination because the combination ynng Djamaluddin Malik as dedengkot film and RM Sutarto as a bureaucrat who understands the movie. Honorary Chairman of the Jury was Professor and Chairman Johan Bahder Sitor Situmorang Jury selected - a humanist. This is a milestone and a record of its own, since the Government began to pay serious attention to the development of world cinema that have good impact on the socio-cultural or economic. Unfortunately, FFI and then held again after 5 years ie in 1960, with trophy trophy called FFI.

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